Rxn # Functional Group Name and Structure Reaction Type Conditions Product(s) Comments Examples
(click on images to make them larger)
1 All that contains C, H, O Combustion Oxygen (O2) is always a reactant
Limited by heat
 CO2 + H2O Must Balance these equations, using molecular formula in equations.
2 Hydrocarbons
RCH2CH3
3 Alcohols,
RCH2OH
4 Aldehydes, ketones
R1C(O)R2		 Aldehydes / ketones are constitutional isomers
5
 Esters, carboxylic acids
R1CO2R2
 Carboxylic acids / esters are constitutional isomers
6 Alkenes,
(R-CH=CH-R) 		Addition H2O in acid (H+) 1o, 2o, or 3o alcohol Hydration reactions follow Markonikoff’s Rule – rich get richer
Reverse of dehydration of alcohol reaction (Rxn #10)
7 H2 alkane Hydration rxn
8 HCl, HBr, HI Alkyl halide Hydrohalogenation reaction follows Markonikoff’s Rule
9 Cl2, Br2, I2 Alkyl di-halide Halogenation reaction
10 Alcohol – hydroxyl
 Elimination Acid Catalyzed (H+) with heat
There must be a H on an adjacent C otherwise there will be no rxn 		Most substituted alkene

Sayseff’s Rule – Poor get poorer
C with the most C – to – C bonds is the most likely to lose the H
11 Alkyl Halide Base Catatalyzed (OH-)
An alsohol also acts as part of the catalyst
12 Alkane Substitution A Pt (s) catalyst and UV light are required Alkyl halide The relative amounts of the various products depend on the proportion of the two reactants used.
13 Alcohol Alcohol reacts with a hydrogen halide
14 Alkyl halide Alkyl halide reacts with a hydroxide ion Alcohol  
15 Alkyl halide Allkyl halide reacts with ammonia, 1o or 2o amine 1o, 2o or 3o amine  
16 1o alcohols
RCH2OH
 Oxidation [O] conditions
Some OA: CrO3, H2CRO4, K2Cr2O7 		1o gives aldehydes first, then carboxylic acids Reverse of reduction of aldehydes (Rx#15)
17 2o alcohols,
R1-CH(OH) – R2
 2o alcohols gives ketones
18 3o alcohols,
R1-C(R2)(OH) – R2		 3o alcohols do not undergo oxidation
19 Aldehydes,
R1 - CHO		 [O] conditions
Some OA: CrO3, H2CRO4, K2Cr2O7
Tollens (Ag+)
NAD+ (biological) 		Aldehydes give carboxylic acids  
20 Ketones,
R1 - C(O) - R2		 Ketones do not undergo oxidation
21 Alkyne
Alkene		 Reduction [H]
Reducing agent		 Reduction of Alkyne give Alkene
Reduction of Alkene give Alkane		  
22 Aldehyes Reduction of aldehyes produces a
1o alcohol		  
23 Ketone Reduction of Ketones produces a
2o alcohol 		 
24 Carboxylic Acids Reduction of carboxylic acid produces first an aldehyes and then a 1o alcohol  
25 Alcohol [H]
Common catalyst: Al2O3 		Alcohols will produce alkene  
26

Carboxylic Acids,
R1 - COOH

Neutralization Reaction with any base,
Usually OH- or any amine		 Carboxylate ion
Carboxylate ion + ammonium ion		  
27 Condensation -
Esterification		 Reaction of any carboxylic acid with any alcohol, catalyzed by heat and acid ester Catalyzed be acid.
Anhydride + alcohol gives ester product without acid catalysis
28 Condensation -
Amide production		 Acid + amine + heat Rxn with 1o or 2o gives an amide
Rxn with 3o does not give an amide, only neutralization product		 Same as amine formation desciribed below
29 Ester,
R1 - C(O) - O - R2		 Hydrolysis Ester + Acid or base + heat
Reverse of esterification rxn		 Acid catalysis produces carboxylic acid and alcohol
Base catalysis produces carboxylate ion and alcohol		 Reverse of ester formation (Rxn #22)
30

Amines
R1 - NH2
R2 - NH
R3 - N

Neutralization Reacts with any acid:
inorganic or organic

Ammonium ion + anion
(carboxylate ion if acid is carboxylic acid)

 
31 Condensation -
Amide formation		 Reaction with Carboxylic acid
Requires Heat Otherwise only neutralization occurs		 Ammonia + carboylic acid gives primary amine  
32 Reaction with 1o amine + carboxylic acid gives 2o amide
33 Rxn with 2o amine + carboylic acid gives 3o amide
34 Rxn with 3o amine + carboxylic acid does not give amide, only neutralization product
35 Amides
R - C = O
       l
      NH2		 Hydrolysis Acid or base catalyzed Acid Catalyzed -
Carboxylic acid + ammonium ion / amine
 Reverse of amine formation
36 Base Catalyzed -
carboxylate ion+ amine		  
'